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在各种字符串类型之间进行转换

blog of vc_student — Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:50:00 GMT

在各种字符串类型之间进行转换(摘自MSDN)

本主题演示如何将各种 C++ 字符串类型转换为其他字符串。可以转换的字符串类型包括 char *、wchar_t*、_bstr_t、CComBSTR、CString、basic_string 和 System.String。在所有情况下，在将字符串转换为新类型时，都会创建字符串的副本。对新字符串进行的任何更改都不会影响原始字符串，反之亦然。

从 char * 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 char * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_char.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; int main() { char orig = "Hello, World!"; cout << orig << " (char )" << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t* size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1; const size_t newsize = 100; size_t convertedChars = 0; wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(orig); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr(orig); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a CString CString cstring(orig); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a basic_string string basicstring(orig); basicstring += " (basic_string)"; cout << basicstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_char.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;

int main()
{
    char *orig = "Hello, World!";
    cout << orig << " (char *)" << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    size_t convertedChars = 0;
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(orig);
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring(orig);
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a basic_string
    string basicstring(orig);
    basicstring += " (basic_string)";
    cout << basicstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 wchar_t * 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 wchar_t * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_wchar_t.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; int main() { wchar_t orig = L"Hello, World!"; wcout << orig << L" (wchar_t )" << endl; // Convert to a char* size_t origsize = wcslen(orig) + 1; const size_t newsize = 100; size_t convertedChars = 0; char nstring[newsize]; wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE); strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(orig); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr(orig); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a CString CString cstring(orig); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a basic_string wstring basicstring(orig); basicstring += L" (basic_string)"; wcout << basicstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_wchar_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;

int main()
{
    wchar_t *orig = L"Hello, World!";
    wcout << orig << L" (wchar_t *)" << endl;

    // Convert to a char*
    size_t origsize = wcslen(orig) + 1;
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    size_t convertedChars = 0;
    char nstring[newsize];
    wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(orig);
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring(orig);
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a basic_string
    wstring basicstring(orig);
    basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
    wcout << basicstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 _bstr_t 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 _bstr_t 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_bstr_t.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; int main() { _bstr_t orig("Hello, World!"); wcout << orig << " (_bstr_t)" << endl; // Convert to a char* const size_t newsize = 100; char nstring[newsize]; strcpy_s(nstring, (char )orig); strcat_s(nstring, " (char )"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t* wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; wcscpy_s(wcstring, (wchar_t )orig); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t )"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr((char )orig); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a CString CString cstring((char )orig); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a basic_string string basicstring((char )orig); basicstring += " (basic_string)"; cout << basicstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String((char )orig); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_bstr_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;

int main()
{
    _bstr_t orig("Hello, World!");
    wcout << orig << " (_bstr_t)" << endl;

    // Convert to a char*
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    char nstring[newsize];
    strcpy_s(nstring, (char *)orig);
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    wcscpy_s(wcstring, (wchar_t *)orig);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr((char *)orig);
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring((char *)orig);
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a basic_string
    string basicstring((char *)orig);
    basicstring += " (basic_string)";
    cout << basicstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String((char *)orig);
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 CComBSTR 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 CComBSTR 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_ccombstr.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" #include "vcclr.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices; int main() { CComBSTR orig("Hello, World!"); CW2A printstr(orig); cout << printstr << " (CComBSTR)" << endl; // Convert to a char* const size_t newsize = 100; char nstring[newsize]; CW2A tmpstr1(orig); strcpy_s(nstring, tmpstr1); strcat_s(nstring, " (char )"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; wcscpy_s(wcstring, orig); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(orig); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CString CString cstring(orig); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a basic_string wstring basicstring(orig); basicstring += L" (basic_string)"; wcout << basicstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_ccombstr.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

int main()
{
    CComBSTR orig("Hello, World!");
    CW2A printstr(orig);
    cout << printstr << " (CComBSTR)" << endl;

    // Convert to a char*
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    char nstring[newsize];
    CW2A tmpstr1(orig);
    strcpy_s(nstring, tmpstr1);
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    wcscpy_s(wcstring, orig);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(orig);
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring(orig);
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a basic_string
    wstring basicstring(orig);
    basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
    wcout << basicstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 CString 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 CString 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_cstring.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; int main() { CString orig("Hello, World!"); wcout << orig << " (CString)" << endl; // Convert to a char* const size_t newsize = 100; char nstring[newsize]; strcpy_s(nstring, orig); strcat_s(nstring, " (char )"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t // You must first convert to a char * for this to work. size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1; size_t convertedChars = 0; wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(orig); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr(orig); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a basic_string string basicstring(orig); basicstring += " (basic_string)"; cout << basicstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_cstring.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;

int main()
{
    CString orig("Hello, World!");
    wcout << orig << " (CString)" << endl;

    // Convert to a char*
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    char nstring[newsize];
    strcpy_s(nstring, orig);
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    // You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
    size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
    size_t convertedChars = 0;
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(orig);
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a basic_string
    string basicstring(orig);
    basicstring += " (basic_string)";
    cout << basicstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 basic_string 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 basic_string 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_basic_string.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; int main() { string orig("Hello, World!"); cout << orig << " (basic_string)" << endl; // Convert to a char* const size_t newsize = 100; char nstring[newsize]; strcpy_s(nstring, orig.c_str()); strcat_s(nstring, " (char )"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t // You must first convert to a char * for this to work. size_t origsize = strlen(orig.c_str()) + 1; size_t convertedChars = 0; wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig.c_str(), _TRUNCATE); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(orig.c_str()); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr(orig.c_str()); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a CString CString cstring(orig.c_str()); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a System::String String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig.c_str()); systemstring += " (System::String)"; Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring); delete systemstring; }

复制代码

// convert_from_basic_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;

int main()
{
    string orig("Hello, World!");
    cout << orig << " (basic_string)" << endl;

    // Convert to a char*
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    char nstring[newsize];
    strcpy_s(nstring, orig.c_str());
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    // You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
    size_t origsize = strlen(orig.c_str()) + 1;
    size_t convertedChars = 0;
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig.c_str(), _TRUNCATE);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(orig.c_str());
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr(orig.c_str());
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring(orig.c_str());
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a System::String
    String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig.c_str());
    systemstring += " (System::String)";
    Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
    delete systemstring;
}

输出


Hello, World! (basic_string) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (System::String)

从 System::String 转换

示例

说明

此示例演示如何从 System.String 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。

	复制代码
// convert_from_system_string.cpp // compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "atlbase.h" #include "atlstr.h" #include "comutil.h" #include "vcclr.h" using namespace std; using namespace System; using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices; int main() { String ^orig = gcnew String("Hello, World!"); Console::WriteLine("{0} (System::String)", orig); pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars(orig); // Convert to a char* size_t origsize = wcslen(wch) + 1; const size_t newsize = 100; size_t convertedChars = 0; char nstring[newsize]; wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, wch, _TRUNCATE); strcat_s(nstring, " (char )"); cout << nstring << endl; // Convert to a wchar_t wchar_t wcstring[newsize]; wcscpy_s(wcstring, wch); wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)"); wcout << wcstring << endl; // Convert to a _bstr_t _bstr_t bstrt(wch); bstrt += " (_bstr_t)"; cout << bstrt << endl; // Convert to a CComBSTR CComBSTR ccombstr(wch); if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK) { CW2A printstr(ccombstr); cout << printstr << endl; } // Convert to a CString CString cstring(wch); cstring += " (CString)"; cout << cstring << endl; // Convert to a basic_string wstring basicstring(wch); basicstring += L" (basic_string)"; wcout << basicstring << endl; delete orig; }

复制代码

// convert_from_system_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>

#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

int main()
{
    String ^orig = gcnew String("Hello, World!");
    Console::WriteLine("{0} (System::String)", orig);

    pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars(orig);

    // Convert to a char*
    size_t origsize = wcslen(wch) + 1;
    const size_t newsize = 100;
    size_t convertedChars = 0;
    char nstring[newsize];
    wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, wch, _TRUNCATE);
    strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
    cout << nstring << endl;

    // Convert to a wchar_t*
    wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
    wcscpy_s(wcstring, wch);
    wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
    wcout << wcstring << endl;

    // Convert to a _bstr_t
    _bstr_t bstrt(wch);
    bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
    cout << bstrt << endl;

    // Convert to a CComBSTR
    CComBSTR ccombstr(wch);
    if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
    {
        CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
        cout << printstr << endl;
    }

    // Convert to a CString
    CString cstring(wch);
    cstring += " (CString)";
    cout << cstring << endl;

    // Convert to a basic_string
    wstring basicstring(wch);
    basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
    wcout << basicstring << endl;

    delete orig;
}

输出


Hello, World! (System::String) Hello, World! (char ) Hello, World! (wchar_t ) Hello, World! (_bstr_t) Hello, World! (CComBSTR) Hello, World! (CString) Hello, World! (basic_string)

Link2019错误处理备忘

blog of vc_student — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 13:33:00 GMT

由于需要把CEMAPI封装了一下，但编译总通不过，提示我定义的两个类函数错误，无法确定的外部符号，link2019......,折腾半天也没找到哪错了，于是乎想到可能并不是我的函数错误，可能没有链接需要的库，添加“cemapi.lib”，问题解决！据此，提醒自己，用这些IDE,也不要完全相信输出的信息，要有自己的判断。

WinCE的一些系统事件备忘

blog of vc_student — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 14:51:00 GMT

WinCE的一些系统事件备忘

DWORD that specifies the type of event if dwType is CNT_EVENT. The following table shows the possible values.

Value	Description
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_DEVICE_CHANGE	A PC Card device changed.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_INTERNET_PROXY_CHANGE	The Internet Proxy used by the device has changed.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_IR_DISCOVERED	The device discovered a server by using infrared communications.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_NET_CONNECT	The device connected to a network.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_NET_DISCONNECT	The device disconnected from a network.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_NONE	No events occurred. Remove all event registrations for this application.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_OFF_AC_POWER	The user turned the alternating current (AC) power off.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_ON_AC_POWER	The user turned the AC power on.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_RESTORE_END	A full device data restore completed.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_RNDIS_FN_DETECTED	RNDISFN interface is instantiated.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_RS232_DETECTED	An RS232 connection was made.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_SYNC_END	Data synchronization finished.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_TIME_CHANGE	The system time changed.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_TZ_CHANGE	The time zone changed.
NOTIFICATION_EVENT_WAKEUP	The device woke up.

(四)关联容器使用参考

blog of vc_student — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 06:03:00 GMT

(四)关联容器使用参考

Map的使用：

Map的关键所在就是通过关键码获取对应数据，这一点有点像数组，只不过map支持非整数索引的数组，比如可以这样访问数组元素：

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <map>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

map<char*,char*> student;

student["张三"] = "中国北京xx路xx号";//相当于student.insert()操作

student["李四"] = "中国香港xx路xx号";

student["约翰"] = "英国伦敦xx路xx号";

cout << student.size() <<endl;

map<char*,char*>::iterator it;

for(it = student.begin(); it != student.end(); it++)

{

cout << student[it->first] <<endl;

}

return 0;

}

/*<控制台输出结果>

中国北京xx路xx号

中国香港xx路xx号*/

英国伦敦xx路xx号

Press any key to continue

姑且不论示例用法的合理性（编译能通过，但跳出很多警告，不知道啥原因），从这个用法我想可以体会map的最主要特征。当然map支持很多其他的操作，比如find,insert等常见操作。Map主要就是通过关键码取得对应的数据。

(三)关于动态数组类

blog of vc_student — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 13:32:00 GMT

类似list模版类的模版还有vector,deque,关于这两个模版，其使用方法和list差不多，但使用场合及性能在处理不同的问题时各有所长。假如在你开发的过程中要用到类似list的类来处理问题，这时候就需要你考察一下，这三者哪个更好！在此我就不考察了，如果一路考察下去，也许我就该退休了！
在此也烦请各位谁比较了解的话，把这三者的区别给说一说！应该就是涉及内存分配和操作方式，以及诸如排序等问题时，性能有所不同而已。应该根据不同的应用选择合适的容器。越来越简单了！！！

(二）list使用参考

blog of vc_student — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 11:43:00 GMT

(二）list使用参考

关于list

List是STL模版库中经常被使用的一个容器类，也叫模版类。基本功能就是实现了链表的各种操作。所谓容器类或模版类，就是这个类模版（或容器）可以实例化成C++支持的和用户自定义的各种数据类型的链表操作类！模版和容器不经过实例化是不能使用的，实例化的过程，就是告诉编译器具体要把链表类作为一个对什么数据类型进行操作的链表类。我们在实际的使用过程中，链表操作必须针对确定的数据类型。模版经过实例化之后，编译器就知道了如何为链表分配内存空间。不经过实例化，编译器不知道什么数据类型的链表，也就不知道如何分配内存。这就是模版或容器的含义。

List主要用法

// list_class_insert.cpp

// compile with: /EHsc

#include <list> //使用STL链表必须包含这样的头文件

#include <iostream>

int main( )

{

using namespace std;

//把链表模版类实例化成支持整形数据类型的链表操作类

list <int> c1, c2;

//必须有这一行代码：定义链表的迭代器，实际上就是定义指向链表元素的指针，链表元素通过迭代器来操作

list <int>::iterator Iter;

//向链表中添加元素，push_back(),表示添加在链表尾部，还可以从任意位置添加

c1.push_back( 10 );

c1.push_back( 20 );

c1.push_back( 30 );

c2.push_back( 40 );

c2.push_back( 50 );

c2.push_back( 60 );

//begin()和end()用于获取链表的头指针和尾指针，进一步赋值给迭代器就可以操作了

cout << "c1 =";

for ( Iter = c1.begin( ); Iter != c1.end( ); Iter++ )

cout << " " << *Iter;

cout << endl;

Iter = c1.begin( );

Iter++;

c1.insert( Iter, 100 );

cout << "c1 =";

for ( Iter = c1.begin( ); Iter != c1.end( ); Iter++ )

cout << " " << *Iter;

cout << endl;

Iter = c1.begin( );

Iter++;

c1.insert( Iter, 2, 200 );

cout << "c1 =";

for ( Iter = c1.begin( ); Iter != c1.end( ); Iter++ )

cout << " " << *Iter;

cout << endl;

c1.insert( ++c1.begin( ), c2.begin( ),--c2.end( ) );

cout << "c1 =";

for ( Iter = c1.begin( ); Iter != c1.end( ); Iter++ )

cout << " " << *Iter;

cout << endl;

}

(一)什么是C++?

blog of vc_student — Sun, 16 Aug 2009 13:28:00 GMT

什么是C++?

使用C语言或汇编等其他语言写程序，就像工业化还不发达的早期阶段，人们如果想制造一部汽车就得满世界去找制造汽车的零件，然后拿回来一点一点地拼装在一起。如果想如法炮制另一部汽车，虽然大致结构都差不多，但还是得这样一点一点的拼装。因为程序段也好，汽车零件拼装好的集成部件也好，拿到别的环境中可能都不会好好的工作（但据说名车还是这么造呢，我们国家老式的红旗也是这么制造的，可惜不生产了）！但随着工业化的发展，人们制造汽车的速度要快的多了，原因就是人们制造汽车的方法发生了变化。制造汽车不再是满世界去找汽车的零件了，只要按照要求去采购集成度很高的部件就可以了，比如发动机，轮胎等部件，不用从头开始做这些东西了！而另一方面，由于这些集成度高的部件，是由一些专注于这一领域的公司来做，所以性能、功能等方面更专业！C++语言的出现，就像发达的汽车工业一样，人们开发软件的方法发生了变化。有很多专业化的公司，生产出集成度很高，性能先进，功能完善的软件部件，比如各种TL(STL,WTL,ATL…,MFC…等)，而且很多是免费提供的。所以，从C到C++是一种软件开发方式的改变。既然如此，如果要想学好C++语言，必须学会做集成的部件，还要必须学会利用现有的优秀的集成的软件部件来做开发工作！话着容易，实在汗颜的是俺连基本的STL怎么用都有点忘了，为了复习一下，在此做一笔记。不妥之处还忘各位老师指证！

Windows防火墙操作代码

blog of vc_student — Mon, 20 Apr 2009 14:34:00 GMT

/*
Windows Firewall 虽然未见得管用，但它对我们软件实施有时候会带来不少的麻烦，所以有时候要干预它的行为，贴一段MS的演示代码，供各位参考。
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <crtdbg.h>
#include <netfw.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <oleauto.h>
#include <stdio.h>

HRESULT WindowsFirewallInitialize(OUT INetFwProfile** fwProfile)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    INetFwMgr* fwMgr = NULL;
    INetFwPolicy* fwPolicy = NULL;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);

    *fwProfile = NULL;

    // Create an instance of the firewall settings manager.
    hr = CoCreateInstance(
            __uuidof(NetFwMgr),
            NULL,
            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
            __uuidof(INetFwMgr),
            (void**)&fwMgr
            );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("CoCreateInstance failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Retrieve the local firewall policy.
    hr = fwMgr->get_LocalPolicy(&fwPolicy);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("get_LocalPolicy failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Retrieve the firewall profile currently in effect.
    hr = fwPolicy->get_CurrentProfile(fwProfile);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("get_CurrentProfile failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

error:

    // Release the local firewall policy.
    if (fwPolicy != NULL)
    {
        fwPolicy->Release();
    }

    // Release the firewall settings manager.
    if (fwMgr != NULL)
    {
        fwMgr->Release();
    }

    return hr;
}

void WindowsFirewallCleanup(IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile)
{
    // Release the firewall profile.
    if (fwProfile != NULL)
    {
        fwProfile->Release();
    }
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallIsOn(IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile, OUT BOOL* fwOn)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    VARIANT_BOOL fwEnabled;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwOn != NULL);

    *fwOn = FALSE;

    // Get the current state of the firewall.
    hr = fwProfile->get_FirewallEnabled(&fwEnabled);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("get_FirewallEnabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Check to see if the firewall is on.
    if (fwEnabled != VARIANT_FALSE)
    {
        *fwOn = TRUE;
        printf("The firewall is on.\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("The firewall is off.\n");
    }

error:

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallTurnOn(IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BOOL fwOn;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);

    // Check to see if the firewall is off.
    hr = WindowsFirewallIsOn(fwProfile, &fwOn);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallIsOn failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // If it is, turn it on.
    if (!fwOn)
    {
        // Turn the firewall on.
        hr = fwProfile->put_FirewallEnabled(VARIANT_TRUE);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_FirewallEnabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        printf("The firewall is now on.\n");
    }

error:

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallTurnOff(IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BOOL fwOn;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);

    // Check to see if the firewall is on.
    hr = WindowsFirewallIsOn(fwProfile, &fwOn);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallIsOn failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // If it is, turn it off.
    if (fwOn)
    {
        // Turn the firewall off.
        hr = fwProfile->put_FirewallEnabled(VARIANT_FALSE);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_FirewallEnabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        printf("The firewall is now off.\n");
    }

error:

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallAppIsEnabled(
            IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile,
            IN const wchar_t* fwProcessImageFileName,
            OUT BOOL* fwAppEnabled
            )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BSTR fwBstrProcessImageFileName = NULL;
    VARIANT_BOOL fwEnabled;
    INetFwAuthorizedApplication* fwApp = NULL;
    INetFwAuthorizedApplications* fwApps = NULL;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwProcessImageFileName != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwAppEnabled != NULL);

    *fwAppEnabled = FALSE;

    // Retrieve the authorized application collection.
    hr = fwProfile->get_AuthorizedApplications(&fwApps);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("get_AuthorizedApplications failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Allocate a BSTR for the process image file name.
    fwBstrProcessImageFileName = SysAllocString(fwProcessImageFileName);
    if (SysStringLen(fwBstrProcessImageFileName) == 0)
    {
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        printf("SysAllocString failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Attempt to retrieve the authorized application.
    hr = fwApps->Item(fwBstrProcessImageFileName, &fwApp);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        // Find out if the authorized application is enabled.
        hr = fwApp->get_Enabled(&fwEnabled);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("get_Enabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        if (fwEnabled != VARIANT_FALSE)
        {
            // The authorized application is enabled.
            *fwAppEnabled = TRUE;

            printf(
                "Authorized application %lS is enabled in the firewall.\n",
                fwProcessImageFileName
                );
        }
        else
        {
            printf(
                "Authorized application %lS is disabled in the firewall.\n",
                fwProcessImageFileName
                );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // The authorized application was not in the collection.
        hr = S_OK;

        printf(
            "Authorized application %lS is disabled in the firewall.\n",
            fwProcessImageFileName
            );
    }

error:

    // Free the BSTR.
    SysFreeString(fwBstrProcessImageFileName);

    // Release the authorized application instance.
    if (fwApp != NULL)
    {
        fwApp->Release();
    }

    // Release the authorized application collection.
    if (fwApps != NULL)
    {
        fwApps->Release();
    }

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallAddApp(
            IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile,
            IN const wchar_t* fwProcessImageFileName,
            IN const wchar_t* fwName
            )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BOOL fwAppEnabled;
    BSTR fwBstrName = NULL;
    BSTR fwBstrProcessImageFileName = NULL;
    INetFwAuthorizedApplication* fwApp = NULL;
    INetFwAuthorizedApplications* fwApps = NULL;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwProcessImageFileName != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwName != NULL);

    // First check to see if the application is already authorized.
    hr = WindowsFirewallAppIsEnabled(
            fwProfile,
            fwProcessImageFileName,
            &fwAppEnabled
            );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallAppIsEnabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Only add the application if it isn't already authorized.
    if (!fwAppEnabled)
    {
        // Retrieve the authorized application collection.
        hr = fwProfile->get_AuthorizedApplications(&fwApps);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("get_AuthorizedApplications failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Create an instance of an authorized application.
        hr = CoCreateInstance(
                __uuidof(NetFwAuthorizedApplication),
                NULL,
                CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                __uuidof(INetFwAuthorizedApplication),
                (void**)&fwApp
                );
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("CoCreateInstance failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Allocate a BSTR for the process image file name.
        fwBstrProcessImageFileName = SysAllocString(fwProcessImageFileName);
        if (SysStringLen(fwBstrProcessImageFileName) == 0)
        {
            hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            printf("SysAllocString failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Set the process image file name.
        hr = fwApp->put_ProcessImageFileName(fwBstrProcessImageFileName);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_ProcessImageFileName failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Allocate a BSTR for the application friendly name.
        fwBstrName = SysAllocString(fwName);
        if (SysStringLen(fwBstrName) == 0)
        {
            hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            printf("SysAllocString failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Set the application friendly name.
        hr = fwApp->put_Name(fwBstrName);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_Name failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Add the application to the collection.
        hr = fwApps->Add(fwApp);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("Add failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        printf(
            "Authorized application %lS is now enabled in the firewall.\n",
            fwProcessImageFileName
            );
    }

error:

    // Free the BSTRs.
    SysFreeString(fwBstrName);
    SysFreeString(fwBstrProcessImageFileName);

    // Release the authorized application instance.
    if (fwApp != NULL)
    {
        fwApp->Release();
    }

    // Release the authorized application collection.
    if (fwApps != NULL)
    {
        fwApps->Release();
    }

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallPortIsEnabled(
            IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile,
            IN LONG portNumber,
            IN NET_FW_IP_PROTOCOL ipProtocol,
            OUT BOOL* fwPortEnabled
            )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    VARIANT_BOOL fwEnabled;
    INetFwOpenPort* fwOpenPort = NULL;
    INetFwOpenPorts* fwOpenPorts = NULL;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);
    _ASSERT(fwPortEnabled != NULL);

    *fwPortEnabled = FALSE;

    // Retrieve the globally open ports collection.
    hr = fwProfile->get_GloballyOpenPorts(&fwOpenPorts);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("get_GloballyOpenPorts failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Attempt to retrieve the globally open port.
    hr = fwOpenPorts->Item(portNumber, ipProtocol, &fwOpenPort);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        // Find out if the globally open port is enabled.
        hr = fwOpenPort->get_Enabled(&fwEnabled);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("get_Enabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        if (fwEnabled != VARIANT_FALSE)
        {
            // The globally open port is enabled.
            *fwPortEnabled = TRUE;

            printf("Port %ld is open in the firewall.\n", portNumber);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("Port %ld is not open in the firewall.\n", portNumber);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // The globally open port was not in the collection.
        hr = S_OK;

        printf("Port %ld is not open in the firewall.\n", portNumber);
    }

error:

    // Release the globally open port.
    if (fwOpenPort != NULL)
    {
        fwOpenPort->Release();
    }

    // Release the globally open ports collection.
    if (fwOpenPorts != NULL)
    {
        fwOpenPorts->Release();
    }

    return hr;
}

HRESULT WindowsFirewallPortAdd(
            IN INetFwProfile* fwProfile,
            IN LONG portNumber,
            IN NET_FW_IP_PROTOCOL ipProtocol,
            IN const wchar_t* name
            )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BOOL fwPortEnabled;
    BSTR fwBstrName = NULL;
    INetFwOpenPort* fwOpenPort = NULL;
    INetFwOpenPorts* fwOpenPorts = NULL;

    _ASSERT(fwProfile != NULL);
    _ASSERT(name != NULL);

    // First check to see if the port is already added.
    hr = WindowsFirewallPortIsEnabled(
            fwProfile,
            portNumber,
            ipProtocol,
            &fwPortEnabled
            );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallPortIsEnabled failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Only add the port if it isn't already added.
    if (!fwPortEnabled)
    {
        // Retrieve the collection of globally open ports.
        hr = fwProfile->get_GloballyOpenPorts(&fwOpenPorts);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("get_GloballyOpenPorts failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Create an instance of an open port.
        hr = CoCreateInstance(
                __uuidof(NetFwOpenPort),
                NULL,
                CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                __uuidof(INetFwOpenPort),
                (void**)&fwOpenPort
                );
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("CoCreateInstance failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Set the port number.
        hr = fwOpenPort->put_Port(portNumber);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_Port failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Set the IP protocol.
        hr = fwOpenPort->put_Protocol(ipProtocol);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_Protocol failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Allocate a BSTR for the friendly name of the port.
        fwBstrName = SysAllocString(name);
        if (SysStringLen(fwBstrName) == 0)
        {
            hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            printf("SysAllocString failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Set the friendly name of the port.
        hr = fwOpenPort->put_Name(fwBstrName);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("put_Name failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        // Opens the port and adds it to the collection.
        hr = fwOpenPorts->Add(fwOpenPort);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("Add failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }

        printf("Port %ld is now open in the firewall.\n", portNumber);
    }

error:

    // Free the BSTR.
    SysFreeString(fwBstrName);

    // Release the open port instance.
    if (fwOpenPort != NULL)
    {
        fwOpenPort->Release();
    }

    // Release the globally open ports collection.
    if (fwOpenPorts != NULL)
    {
        fwOpenPorts->Release();
    }

    return hr;
}

int __cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    HRESULT comInit = E_FAIL;
    INetFwProfile* fwProfile = NULL;

    // Initialize COM.
    comInit = CoInitializeEx(
                0,
                COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE
                );

   // Ignore RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE; this just means that COM has already been
   // initialized with a different mode. Since we don't care what the mode is,
   // we'll just use the existing mode.
   if (comInit != RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE)
   {
        hr = comInit;
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            printf("CoInitializeEx failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
            goto error;
        }
   }

    // Retrieve the firewall profile currently in effect.
    hr = WindowsFirewallInitialize(&fwProfile);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallInitialize failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Turn off the firewall.
    hr = WindowsFirewallTurnOff(fwProfile);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallTurnOff failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Turn on the firewall.
    hr = WindowsFirewallTurnOn(fwProfile);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallTurnOn failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Add Windows Messenger to the authorized application collection.
    hr = WindowsFirewallAddApp(
            fwProfile,
            L"%ProgramFiles%\\Messenger\\msmsgs.exe",
            L"Windows Messenger"
            );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallAddApp failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

    // Add TCP::80 to list of globally open ports.
    hr = WindowsFirewallPortAdd(fwProfile, 80, NET_FW_IP_PROTOCOL_TCP, L"WWW");
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsFirewallPortAdd failed: 0x%08lx\n", hr);
        goto error;
    }

error:

    // Release the firewall profile.
    WindowsFirewallCleanup(fwProfile);

    // Uninitialize COM.
    if (SUCCEEDED(comInit))
    {
        CoUninitialize();
    }

    return 0;
}

喜欢在C/C++代码中使用汇编得小心点用

blog of vc_student — Sun, 19 Apr 2009 01:17:00 GMT

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"

void main()
{
int i=10;
int a = i;

printf("i= %d\n",a);
//ÏÂÃæ»ã±àÓï¾äµÄ×÷ÓÃ¾ÍÊÇ¸Ä±äÄÚ´æÖÐiµÄÖµ£¬µ«ÊÇÓÖ²»ÈÃ±àÒëÆ÷ÖªµÀ
__asm {
mov dword ptr [ebp-4], 20h
}

int b = i;
printf("i= %d\n",b);
}

这段代码的debug和release输出结果是不一样的！
详情google “volatile”关键字！（转）

信号量用法探讨

blog of vc_student — Tue, 14 Apr 2009 03:42:00 GMT

信号量是一个很好用的内核对象，用来控制对一些资源的访问，比如可以用来控制缓冲区块的数量！

为了保证系统的性能，常常要保证一定数量的空闲缓冲区的存在。这可以通过信号量来实现：

假设系统要求空闲缓冲区块的数量要时刻保证在10个左右，这样系统可以有很好的效率。那么我们可以设定信号量可以控制的资源数为一个比较大的值，比如1000，当前值为10。当线程使用缓冲区块致使可用资源数量降到一个边界值比如5时，此线程可以负责把缓冲区的数量增加到10，避免其它线程做同样的真正申请缓冲区的操作，这可以通过调用ReleaseSemaphore来实现。当线程ReleaseSemaphore的过程中发现当前空闲资源的数量超过一个边界值，不如15，那么此线程可以减少缓冲区块的数量到10，同时使信号量的当前值减少到10，通过循环调用WaitForSingleObject来实现！

刚看了一下信号量的内容，作此设想！不成熟之处还请指正，比如线程都只申请不释放怎么办，哈哈！

打印质数

blog of vc_student — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 07:28:00 GMT

/*
* 这就是“亚里士多德筛子” ？
* Created by SharpDevelop.
* Author: student
* Date: 2007-11-30
* Time: 12:03
*
* dashan2046@qq.com
*/

using System;
using System.Collections;

class Prime
{
private ArrayList PrimeList = new ArrayList();
private int EndNum;
public Prime(int EndNum)
{
  this.EndNum = EndNum;
  for(int i = 0; i < EndNum; i++)
  {
   PrimeList.Add(i);
  }

  for(int j = 2; j < EndNum; j++)
  {
   for(int k = j+1; k < EndNum; k++)
   {
    if((int)PrimeList[k] != 0 && ((int)PrimeList[k])%j == 0)
     PrimeList[k] = 0;
   }
  }
}
public void PrintPrime()
{
  int l = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < PrimeList.Count; i++)
  {
   if((int)PrimeList[i] != 0)
   {
    Console.Write("{0,-10}",PrimeList[i]);
    l++;
    if(l%10 == 0)
     Console.WriteLine();
   }
  }
}
}
class printPrime
{
static void Main()
{
  Prime p = new Prime(10000);
  p.PrintPrime();
}
}

/*
1         2         3         5         7         11        13        17        19        23
29        31        37        41        43        47        53        59        61        67
71        73        79        83        89        97        101       103       107       109
113       127       131       137       139       149       151       157       163       167
173       179       181       191       193       197       199       211       223       227
229       233       239       241       251       257       263       269       271       277
281       283       293       307       311       313       317       331       337       347
349       353       359       367       373       379       383       389       397       401
409       419       421       431       433       439       443       449       457       461
463       467       479       487       491       499       503       509       521       523
541       547       557       563       569       571       577       587       593       599
601       607       613       617       619       631       641       643       647       653
659       661       673       677       683       691       701       709       719       727
733       739       743       751       757       761       769       773       787       797
809       811       821       823       827       829       839       853       857       859
863       877       881       883       887       907       911       919       929       937
941       947       953       967       971       977       983       991       997       1009
1013      1019      1021      1031      1033      1039      1049      1051      1061      1063
1069      1087      1091      1093      1097      1103      1109      1117      1123      1129
1151      1153      1163      1171      1181      1187      1193      1201      1213      1217
1223      1229      1231      1237      1249      1259      1277      1279      1283      1289
1291      1297      1301      1303      1307      1319      1321      1327      1361      1367
1373      1381      1399      1409      1423      1427      1429      1433      1439      1447
1451      1453      1459      1471      1481      1483      1487      1489      1493      1499
1511      1523      1531      1543      1549      1553      1559      1567      1571      1579
1583      1597      1601      1607      1609      1613      1619      1621      1627      1637
1657      1663      1667      1669      1693      1697      1699      1709      1721      1723
1733      1741      1747      1753      1759      1777      1783      1787      1789      1801
1811      1823      1831      1847      1861      1867      1871      1873      1877      1879
1889      1901      1907      1913      1931      1933      1949      1951      1973      1979
1987      1993      1997      1999      2003      2011      2017      2027      2029      2039
2053      2063      2069      2081      2083      2087      2089      2099      2111      2113
2129      2131      2137      2141      2143      2153      2161      2179      2203      2207
2213      2221      2237      2239      2243      2251      2267      2269      2273      2281
2287      2293      2297      2309      2311      2333      2339      2341      2347      2351
2357      2371      2377      2381      2383      2389      2393      2399      2411      2417
2423      2437      2441      2447      2459      2467      2473      2477      2503      2521
2531      2539      2543      2549      2551      2557      2579      2591      2593      2609
2617      2621      2633      2647      2657      2659      2663      2671      2677      2683
2687      2689      2693      2699      2707      2711      2713      2719      2729      2731
2741      2749      2753      2767      2777      2789      2791      2797      2801      2803
2819      2833      2837      2843      2851      2857      2861      2879      2887      2897
2903      2909      2917      2927      2939      2953      2957      2963      2969      2971
2999      3001      3011      3019      3023      3037      3041      3049      3061      3067
3079      3083      3089      3109      3119      3121      3137      3163      3167      3169
3181      3187      3191      3203      3209      3217      3221      3229      3251      3253
3257      3259      3271      3299      3301      3307      3313      3319      3323      3329
3331      3343      3347      3359      3361      3371      3373      3389      3391      3407
3413      3433      3449      3457      3461      3463      3467      3469      3491      3499
3511      3517      3527      3529      3533      3539      3541      3547      3557      3559
3571      3581      3583      3593      3607      3613      3617      3623      3631      3637
3643      3659      3671      3673      3677      3691      3697      3701      3709      3719
3727      3733      3739      3761      3767      3769      3779      3793      3797      3803
3821      3823      3833      3847      3851      3853      3863      3877      3881      3889
3907      3911      3917      3919      3923      3929      3931      3943      3947      3967
3989      4001      4003      4007      4013      4019      4021      4027      4049      4051
4057      4073      4079      4091      4093      4099      4111      4127      4129      4133
4139      4153      4157      4159      4177      4201      4211      4217      4219      4229
4231      4241      4243      4253      4259      4261      4271      4273      4283      4289
4297      4327      4337      4339      4349      4357      4363      4373      4391      4397
4409      4421      4423      4441      4447      4451      4457      4463      4481      4483
4493      4507      4513      4517      4519      4523      4547      4549      4561      4567
4583      4591      4597      4603      4621      4637      4639      4643      4649      4651
4657      4663      4673      4679      4691      4703      4721      4723      4729      4733
4751      4759      4783      4787      4789      4793      4799      4801      4813      4817
4831      4861      4871      4877      4889      4903      4909      4919      4931      4933
4937      4943      4951      4957      4967      4969      4973      4987      4993      4999
5003      5009      5011      5021      5023      5039      5051      5059      5077      5081
5087      5099      5101      5107      5113      5119      5147      5153      5167      5171
5179      5189      5197      5209      5227      5231      5233      5237      5261      5273
5279      5281      5297      5303      5309      5323      5333      5347      5351      5381
5387      5393      5399      5407      5413      5417      5419      5431      5437      5441
5443      5449      5471      5477      5479      5483      5501      5503      5507      5519
5521      5527      5531      5557      5563      5569      5573      5581      5591      5623
5639      5641      5647      5651      5653      5657      5659      5669      5683      5689
5693      5701      5711      5717      5737      5741      5743      5749      5779      5783
5791      5801      5807      5813      5821      5827      5839      5843      5849      5851
5857      5861      5867      5869      5879      5881      5897      5903      5923      5927
5939      5953      5981      5987      6007      6011      6029      6037      6043      6047
6053      6067      6073      6079      6089      6091      6101      6113      6121      6131
6133      6143      6151      6163      6173      6197      6199      6203      6211      6217
6221      6229      6247      6257      6263      6269      6271      6277      6287      6299
6301      6311      6317      6323      6329      6337      6343      6353      6359      6361
6367      6373      6379      6389      6397      6421      6427      6449      6451      6469
6473      6481      6491      6521      6529      6547      6551      6553      6563      6569
6571      6577      6581      6599      6607      6619      6637      6653      6659      6661
6673      6679      6689      6691      6701      6703      6709      6719      6733      6737
6761      6763      6779      6781      6791      6793      6803      6823      6827      6829
6833      6841      6857      6863      6869      6871      6883      6899      6907      6911
6917      6947      6949      6959      6961      6967      6971      6977      6983      6991
6997      7001      7013      7019      7027      7039      7043      7057      7069      7079
7103      7109      7121      7127      7129      7151      7159      7177      7187      7193
7207      7211      7213      7219      7229      7237      7243      7247      7253      7283
7297      7307      7309      7321      7331      7333      7349      7351      7369      7393
7411      7417      7433      7451      7457      7459      7477      7481      7487      7489
7499      7507      7517      7523      7529      7537      7541      7547      7549      7559
7561      7573      7577      7583      7589      7591      7603      7607      7621      7639
7643      7649      7669      7673      7681      7687      7691      7699      7703      7717
7723      7727      7741      7753      7757      7759      7789      7793      7817      7823
7829      7841      7853      7867      7873      7877      7879      7883      7901      7907
7919      7927      7933      7937      7949      7951      7963      7993      8009      8011
8017      8039      8053      8059      8069      8081      8087      8089      8093      8101
8111      8117      8123      8147      8161      8167      8171      8179      8191      8209
8219      8221      8231      8233      8237      8243      8263      8269      8273      8287
8291      8293      8297      8311      8317      8329      8353      8363      8369      8377
8387      8389      8419      8423      8429      8431      8443      8447      8461      8467
8501      8513      8521      8527      8537      8539      8543      8563      8573      8581
8597      8599      8609      8623      8627      8629      8641      8647      8663      8669
8677      8681      8689      8693      8699      8707      8713      8719      8731      8737
8741      8747      8753      8761      8779      8783      8803      8807      8819      8821
8831      8837      8839      8849      8861      8863      8867      8887      8893      8923
8929      8933      8941      8951      8963      8969      8971      8999      9001      9007
9011      9013      9029      9041      9043      9049      9059      9067      9091      9103
9109      9127      9133      9137      9151      9157      9161      9173      9181      9187
9199      9203      9209      9221      9227      9239      9241      9257      9277      9281
9283      9293      9311      9319      9323      9337      9341      9343      9349      9371
9377      9391      9397      9403      9413      9419      9421      9431      9433      9437
9439      9461      9463      9467      9473      9479      9491      9497      9511      9521
9533      9539      9547      9551      9587      9601      9613      9619      9623      9629
9631      9643      9649      9661      9677      9679      9689      9697      9719      9721
9733      9739      9743      9749      9767      9769      9781      9787      9791      9803
9811      9817      9829      9833      9839      9851      9857      9859      9871      9883
9887      9901      9907      9923      9929      9931      9941      9949      9967      9973

*/

我会发线程消息了

blog of vc_student — Tue, 06 Nov 2007 08:34:00 GMT

GetMessage()从调用线程的消息队列中取消息，如果队列空就阻塞。

代码如下：

DWORD __stdcall PostMess(LPVOID lp);

void CTMsgDlg::OnBnClickedButton1()
{
// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
hThreadPM= CreateThread(NULL, 0, PostMess, NULL, 0, &dwThreadId);

}

void CTMsgDlg::OnBnClickedButton2()
{
// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
PostThreadMessage(dwThreadId,8888,0,0);
}

MSG message;

DWORD __stdcall PostMess(LPVOID lp)
{

    while(::GetMessage(&message, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        ::TranslateMessage(&message);
        ::DispatchMessage(&message);
        switch(message.message)
        {
        case 8888:
   ::Beep(100,100);
            break;
  }
}
return 0;

}

在派生类中重载基类的成员函数

blog of vc_student — Tue, 02 Oct 2007 13:40:00 GMT

例：
class base
{
public:
    void fun(int param);
    void fun(char param);
};

class derive :public base
{
public:
    void fun(string param);
    using base:fun; //只能用函数名，不能带参数，表示引入基类的重载函数集，而不能是一个实例
};

收集VC错误

blog of vc_student — Thu, 27 Sep 2007 14:44:00 GMT

1.
nafxcwd.lib(appcore.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol ___argv
nafxcwd.lib(appcore.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol ___argc
nafxcwd.lib(timecore.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __mbctype
nafxcwd.lib(apphelp.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __mbctype
nafxcwd.lib(filelist.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __mbctype
解决办法：
PROJECT->SETING->C/C++->PREPROCESSOR->定义 _AFXDLL,完毕。
2.
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib "MSVCRT" conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
解决办法：
PROJECT->SETING->LINK->INPUT->IGNORE LIB...->MSVCRT.LIB

输出结果为什么是这样？

blog of vc_student — Fri, 07 Sep 2007 14:55:00 GMT

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
set<string> set_str;
set_str.insert("one");
set_str.insert("tow");
set_str.insert("three");

set<string>::iterator it = set_str.begin();
while(it != set_str.end())
{
cout<<*it<<endl;
it++;
}

return 0;
}

/*
输出结果为什么是：
one
three
tow
Press any key to continue
*/

生成随机数测试代码

blog of vc_student — Tue, 21 Aug 2007 15:12:00 GMT

// Rand.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int i,j;

srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );
int total[2] = {0};
int temp = 0;

for( i = 0;   i < 1000000;i++ )
{
  temp = rand()%2;
  printf( " %d\n",temp);
  total[temp]++;
}

printf("############################################################################\n");

for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
printf("total[%d]=%d\n",j,total[j]);
}

system("pause");

return 0;
}

/*
结果：

第一组：
total[0]=500026
total[1]=499974
第二组：
total[0]=500159
total[1]=499841
第三组：
total[0]=500023
total[1]=499977
第四组：
total[0]=500034
total[1]=499966
第五组：
total[0]=499962
total[1]=500038
第六组：
total[0]=499898
total[1]=500102
第七组：
total[0]=500002
total[1]=499998
第八组：
total[0]=499991
total[1]=500009
第九组：
total[0]=500106
total[1]=499894
第十组：
total[0]=499997
total[1]=500003
*/

取得网卡信息（转）

blog of vc_student — Sun, 12 Aug 2007 12:56:00 GMT

//使用ATL
#pragma once

#include "atlstr.h"
#include "iphlpapi.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"iphlpapi.lib")

class CDnpNetworkInterface
{
_MIB_IFTABLE* _pInfoBuffer;

protected:

bool GetNicInformation(void)
{
DWORD ret;
ULONG dwSize;

  dwSize = 0;
  ret = ::GetIfTable(NULL,&dwSize,TRUE);
  if(ret != NO_ERROR && ret != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
   return false;

if(_pInfoBuffer)
delete (BYTE*)_pInfoBuffer;

  _pInfoBuffer = (_MIB_IFTABLE*)new BYTE[dwSize];
  if(_pInfoBuffer == NULL)
   return false;

  ZeroMemory(_pInfoBuffer,dwSize);
  ret = ::GetIfTable(_pInfoBuffer,&dwSize,TRUE);
  if(ret != NO_ERROR)
  {
   delete (BYTE*)_pInfoBuffer;
   _pInfoBuffer = NULL;
   return false;
  }

return true;
}

bool IsValidInfo(void)
{
if(_pInfoBuffer)
return true;

return GetNicInformation();
}

public:

CDnpNetworkInterface()
{
_pInfoBuffer = NULL;
}

~CDnpNetworkInterface()
{
if(_pInfoBuffer)
delete (BYTE*)_pInfoBuffer;
}

DWORD GetNicCount(void)
{
if(IsValidInfo() == false)
return 0;

return _pInfoBuffer->dwNumEntries;
}

bool GetNicName(DWORD dwIndex,CAtlString* pstrName)
{
  if(pstrName == NULL)
   return false;
  *pstrName = _T("");
  if(dwIndex >= GetNicCount())
   return false;

*pstrName = (char*)_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bDescr;

return true;
}

bool GetNicMacAddress(DWORD dwIndex,CAtlString* pstrMacAddress,int nFormat=0)
{
  if(pstrMacAddress == NULL)
   return false;
  *pstrMacAddress = _T("");
  if(dwIndex >= GetNicCount())
   return false;

  switch(nFormat)
  {
  case 1:
   pstrMacAddress->Format(_T("%02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X")
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[0]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[1]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[2]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[3]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[4]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[5]);
   break;

  case 2:
   pstrMacAddress->Format(_T("%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X")
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[0]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[1]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[2]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[3]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[4]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[5]);
   break;

  case 0:
  default:
   pstrMacAddress->Format(_T("%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X")
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[0]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[1]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[2]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[3]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[4]
     ,_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].bPhysAddr[5]);
   break;
  }

return true;
}

DWORD GetNicConnectionSpeed(DWORD dwIndex)
{
if(dwIndex >= GetNicCount())
return 0;

return _pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].dwSpeed;
}

bool IsNicWorking(DWORD dwIndex)
{
if(dwIndex >= GetNicCount())
return false;

return (_pInfoBuffer->table[dwIndex].dwOperStatus == MIB_IF_OPER_STATUS_OPERATIONAL) ? true : false;
}

};

//使用方法
void Test(void)
{
bool  ret;
DWORD  i;
DWORD  dwSize;
DWORD  dwSpeed;
CAtlString strName;
CAtlString strMacAddress;
CAtlString strBuff;
CAtlString strMessage;
CDnpNetworkInterface cDevice;

dwSize = cDevice.GetNicCount();
for(i = 0; i < dwSize; i++)
{
  ret = cDevice.GetNicName(i,&strName);
  if(ret == false)
   continue;

  ret = cDevice.GetNicMacAddress(i,&strMacAddress);
  if(ret == false)
   continue;

dwSpeed = cDevice.GetNicConnectionSpeed(i);

  strBuff.Format(_T("描述：%s\nMAC地址：%s\n连接速度：%dKbps\n"),strName,strMacAddress,dwSpeed/1000);
  strMessage += strBuff;
  if(cDevice.IsNicWorking(i))
   strMessage += _T("工作：正常\n");
  else
   strMessage += _T("工作：停止中\n");

strMessage += _T("\n");
}

::MessageBox(NULL,strMessage,_T(""),MB_OK);
}

Overlapped I/O

blog of vc_student — Wed, 08 Aug 2007 13:58:00 GMT

<PRE lang=c++>OVERLAPPED op;
HANDLE      h,
            handleArray[2];
BOOL        bStop = FALSE;

memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
handleArray[0] = op.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
handleArray[1] = gbl_hStopEvent;

while (bStop == FALSE)
{
    h = CreateNamedPipe(FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);

    ConnectNamedPipe(h, &op);

    switch (WaitForMultipleObjects(2, handleArray, FALSE, INFINITE))
    {
    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
        _beginthread(threadProc, 0, h);
        ResetEvent(handleArray[0]);
        break;

    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
        CloseHandle(h);
        bStop = TRUE;
        break;
    }
}

CloseHandle(handleArray[0]);
</PRE>

MS挺周到的

blog of vc_student — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 02:06:00 GMT

1.使用微软的FCI/FDI库进行文件压缩;
2.可以使用微软的加解密库；
......

没事写的一个arp欺骗监测工具

blog of vc_student — Sun, 29 Apr 2007 09:19:00 GMT

http://blog.vckbase.com/Files/star/ArpMonitor.rar

谁有空帮测一下？别笑我呀，软件太不完善！